Yum: Difference between revisions
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=External= | |||
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellowdog_Updater,_Modified | |||
* http://prefetch.net/articles/yum.html | |||
=Internal= | =Internal= | ||
* [[Linux#Commands]] | * [[Linux#Commands|Linux Commands]] | ||
* [[dnf]] | |||
=Overview= | |||
<tt>yum</tt> is an interactive, rpm-based package manager. It can automatically perform system updates, including dependency analysis and obsolete processing based on repository metadata. It can also perform installation of new packages, removal of old packages and perform queries on the installed and/or available packages among many other commands/services. | |||
<tt>yum</tt> is configured in <tt>/etc/yum.conf</tt>. | |||
The configuration file contains, among other things, the location of the log file (by default <tt>/var/log/yum.log</tt>). | |||
<tt>yum</tt> looks for local repository definitions. More details are found in the [[#Yum_Repositories|Yum Repositories]] section | |||
=Installation= | |||
==Installation on RHEL8== | |||
https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/installation-and-configuration-of-yum-in-red-hat-linux-8/ | |||
=Yum Repositories= | |||
{{External|[https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-us/red_hat_enterprise_linux/7/html/system_administrators_guide/sec-Configuring_Yum_and_Yum_Repositories Configuring Yum and Yum Repositories]}} | |||
Yum looks into local repository definitions, which are <tt>.repo</tt> files kept in <tt>/etc/yum.repos.d/</tt>. All files with the .repo file extension in this directory are read by <tt>yum</tt>. More information about configured repository can be obtained with <tt>[[#repolist|yum repolist]]</tt>. | |||
To query the content of a specific repository, use <tt>[[#repository-packages|yum repository-packages]]</tt>. | |||
To install a new repository, see [[#Adding_a_Repository_Definition|Adding a Repository Definition]] below. | |||
==Yum Variables== | |||
{{External|[https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-us/red_hat_enterprise_linux/7/html/system_administrators_guide/sec-Configuring_Yum_and_Yum_Repositories#sec-Using_Yum_Variables Using Yum Variables]}} | |||
Yum supports a series of built-in variables, which can be used in all its configuration files, including repository definitions: | |||
===$releasever=== | |||
This variable references the release version of Red Hat Enterprise Linux. Yum obtains the value of $releasever from the distroverpkg=value line in the /etc/yum.conf configuration file. If there is no such line in /etc/yum.conf, then yum infers the correct value by deriving the version number from the redhat-releaseproduct package that provides the redhat-release file. | |||
=Exclusion= | |||
Yum can be configured to exclude packages from updates to prevent accidental upgrades when we don't want to upgrade, by adding package names to the "exclude" directive in /etc/yum.conf. | |||
Example: | |||
exclude= tuned-profiles-atomic-openshift-node atomic-openshift-tests atomic-openshift-sdn-ovs atomic-openshift-recycle atomic-openshift-pod atomic-openshift-node atomic-openshift-master atomic-openshift-dockerregistry atomic-openshift-clients-redistributable atomic-openshift-clients atomic-openshift docker*1.20* docker*1.19* docker*1.18* docker*1.17* docker*1.16* docker*1.15* docker*1.14* docker*1.13* | |||
=Commands= | |||
==list== | |||
Used to list various information about available packages - packages available from the repositories described in <tt>/etc/yum.repos.d/*.repo</tt>. | |||
====installed==== | |||
Gets a list of installed packages: | |||
yum list installed | |||
To filter, use <tt>| grep</tt>: | |||
yum list installed | grep [-i] <package-name> | |||
Example of positive hit: | |||
[root@ns ~]# yum list installed | grep [-i] httpd | |||
httpd.x86_64 2.4.6-40.el7 @rhel-7-server-rpms | |||
httpd-tools.x86_64 2.4.6-40.el7 @rhel-7-server-rpms | |||
====available==== | |||
Gets a list of all packages in all available repositories. | |||
<pre> | |||
yum list available | |||
</pre> | |||
To filter, use <tt>| grep</tt>. | |||
= | ==info== | ||
Without arguments, the command lists all packages available from all installed repositories: | |||
<pre> | |||
yum info | |||
</pre> | |||
To get information about a specific package: | |||
<pre> | |||
yum info <package-name> | |||
</pre> | |||
This can be used for information on packages that already have been installed or on package that ''has't been installed yet''. If the package has been installed, <tt>yum info</tt> will report <tt>Installed Packages</tt>, otherwise will say <tt>Available</tt>. | |||
==repolist== | |||
Displays information about configured repositories - repositories described in <tt>/etc/yum.repos.d/*.repo</tt> files. | |||
<pre> | |||
yum repolist [-v] [repository-id] | |||
</pre> | |||
where "repository-id" is the repository identifier declared between square brackets in the .repo file. | |||
==search== | |||
<pre> | |||
yum search <string> | |||
</pre> | |||
==provides== | |||
"provides" can be used to find packages that might contain a certain command: | |||
<pre> | <pre> | ||
| Line 9: | Line 120: | ||
</pre> | </pre> | ||
= | ==repository-packages== | ||
<pre> | <pre> | ||
yum list | yum repository-packages dockerrepo list | ||
</pre> | </pre> | ||
<pre> | |||
yum repository-packages dockerrepo info | |||
</pre> | |||
==install== | |||
Installs the specified package. | |||
<pre> | <pre> | ||
yum install <package-name> | |||
</pre> | </pre> | ||
= | ==localinstall== | ||
{{External|https://serverfault.com/questions/940791/whats-the-difference-between-yum-install-local-path-and-yum-localinstall}} | |||
==update== | |||
Updates the specified package. | |||
<pre> | <pre> | ||
yum | yum update <package-name> | ||
</pre> | </pre> | ||
= | To update all packages, see "[[#Update_All_Packages|Update All Packages]]" | ||
==<span id='erase'></span>remove, erase== | |||
<tt>remove</tt> and <tt>erase</tt> are equivalent. | |||
Removes the specified package and its dependents from the system. | |||
<syntaxhighlight lang='bash'> | |||
yum remove <package-name> | |||
</syntaxhighlight> | |||
==clean== | |||
Remove cached data. | |||
<syntaxhighlight lang='bash'> | |||
yum clean all | |||
</syntaxhighlight> | |||
=Update All Packages= | |||
<pre> | <pre> | ||
yum | yum -y update | ||
</pre> | </pre> | ||
=Adding a Repository Definition= | |||
{{Internal|Install CentOS-Base Repository|Install CentOS-Base Repository}} | |||
{{Internal|Install EPEL Repository|Install EPEL Repository}} | |||
{{Internal|Docker_Linux_Installation#Setting_a_yum_Repository|Adding a docker Repository}} | |||
{{Internal|Using_yum_with_registry.access.redhat.com_Images#Overview|Add an Entitled registry.access.redhat.com Repository}} | |||
=yum-config-manager= | |||
<syntaxhighlight lang='bash'> | |||
yum install yum-utils | |||
</syntaxhighlight> | |||
Latest revision as of 05:08, 3 May 2022
External
Internal
Overview
yum is an interactive, rpm-based package manager. It can automatically perform system updates, including dependency analysis and obsolete processing based on repository metadata. It can also perform installation of new packages, removal of old packages and perform queries on the installed and/or available packages among many other commands/services.
yum is configured in /etc/yum.conf.
The configuration file contains, among other things, the location of the log file (by default /var/log/yum.log).
yum looks for local repository definitions. More details are found in the Yum Repositories section
Installation
Installation on RHEL8
https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/installation-and-configuration-of-yum-in-red-hat-linux-8/
Yum Repositories
Yum looks into local repository definitions, which are .repo files kept in /etc/yum.repos.d/. All files with the .repo file extension in this directory are read by yum. More information about configured repository can be obtained with yum repolist.
To query the content of a specific repository, use yum repository-packages.
To install a new repository, see Adding a Repository Definition below.
Yum Variables
Yum supports a series of built-in variables, which can be used in all its configuration files, including repository definitions:
$releasever
This variable references the release version of Red Hat Enterprise Linux. Yum obtains the value of $releasever from the distroverpkg=value line in the /etc/yum.conf configuration file. If there is no such line in /etc/yum.conf, then yum infers the correct value by deriving the version number from the redhat-releaseproduct package that provides the redhat-release file.
Exclusion
Yum can be configured to exclude packages from updates to prevent accidental upgrades when we don't want to upgrade, by adding package names to the "exclude" directive in /etc/yum.conf.
Example:
exclude= tuned-profiles-atomic-openshift-node atomic-openshift-tests atomic-openshift-sdn-ovs atomic-openshift-recycle atomic-openshift-pod atomic-openshift-node atomic-openshift-master atomic-openshift-dockerregistry atomic-openshift-clients-redistributable atomic-openshift-clients atomic-openshift docker*1.20* docker*1.19* docker*1.18* docker*1.17* docker*1.16* docker*1.15* docker*1.14* docker*1.13*
Commands
list
Used to list various information about available packages - packages available from the repositories described in /etc/yum.repos.d/*.repo.
installed
Gets a list of installed packages:
yum list installed
To filter, use | grep:
yum list installed | grep [-i] <package-name>
Example of positive hit:
[root@ns ~]# yum list installed | grep [-i] httpd httpd.x86_64 2.4.6-40.el7 @rhel-7-server-rpms httpd-tools.x86_64 2.4.6-40.el7 @rhel-7-server-rpms
available
Gets a list of all packages in all available repositories.
yum list available
To filter, use | grep.
info
Without arguments, the command lists all packages available from all installed repositories:
yum info
To get information about a specific package:
yum info <package-name>
This can be used for information on packages that already have been installed or on package that has't been installed yet. If the package has been installed, yum info will report Installed Packages, otherwise will say Available.
repolist
Displays information about configured repositories - repositories described in /etc/yum.repos.d/*.repo files.
yum repolist [-v] [repository-id]
where "repository-id" is the repository identifier declared between square brackets in the .repo file.
search
yum search <string>
provides
"provides" can be used to find packages that might contain a certain command:
yum provides sealert
repository-packages
yum repository-packages dockerrepo list
yum repository-packages dockerrepo info
install
Installs the specified package.
yum install <package-name>
localinstall
update
Updates the specified package.
yum update <package-name>
To update all packages, see "Update All Packages"
remove, erase
remove and erase are equivalent.
Removes the specified package and its dependents from the system.
yum remove <package-name>
clean
Remove cached data.
yum clean all
Update All Packages
yum -y update
Adding a Repository Definition
yum-config-manager
yum install yum-utils