Kubernetes Networking Concepts: Difference between revisions

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=TODO=
=TODO=
* TODO: https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/networking/


⚠️ Work in progress, see "Kubernetes Learning.doc/Kubernetes Networking Concepts".
⚠️ Work in progress, see "Kubernetes Learning.doc/Kubernetes Networking Concepts".
* https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/architecture/control-plane-node-communication/


=Overview=
=Overview=
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=Pod Networking=
=Pod Networking=
Also see: {{Internal|Kubernetes_Pod_and_Container_Concepts#Networking|Pod and Container Concepts | Networking}}


=Service Networking=
=Service Networking=
{{Internal|Kubernetes_Service_Concepts#ClusterIP_Service_Implementation_Details|ClusterIP Service Implementation Details}}
=<span id='Kube-proxy'></span>kube-proxy=
{{Internal|kube-proxy#Overview|kube-proxy}}


=Kube-proxy=
{{Internal|Kubernetes_Control_Plane_and_Data_Plane_Concepts#Kube-proxy|Kube-proxy}}
=Pod Network=
=Pod Network=


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{{Internal|Kubernetes Ingress Concepts|Ingress Concepts}}
{{Internal|Kubernetes Ingress Concepts|Ingress Concepts}}


 
=<span id='Name_Resolution_inside_a_Pod'></span><span id='DNS_Service'></span><span id='Internal_DNS_Server'></span><span id='CoreDNS'></span><span id='kube-dns'></span><span id='SkyDNS'></span><span id='Services_and_Naming'></span><span id='The_DNS_Service'></span>DNS Support=
=DNS Support=
{{Internal|Kubernetes DNS Concepts|Kubernetes DNS Concepts}}
 
 
<font color=darkgray>Explain default.svc.cluster.local, svc.cluster.local, cluster.local.</font>
 
TODO: https://medium.com/kubernetes-tutorials/kubernetes-dns-for-services-and-pods-664804211501
 
==Name Resolution inside a Pod==
 
Each pod gets an <code>/etc/resolv.conf</code> with a name server hardcoded to the IP address of the DNS service <code>kube-dns</code>:
<syntaxhighlight lang='text'>
nameserver 10.96.0.10
search default.svc.cluster.local svc.cluster.local cluster.local
options ndots:5
</syntaxhighlight>
The local DNS library is thus configured to use by default the name server behind the Kubernetes [[#DNS_Service|DNS service]].
 
==DNS Service==
 
The DNS service is a regular Kubernetes [[Kubernetes_Service_Concepts#Service|service]], deployed in the <code>kube-system</code> namespace, which exposes the Kubernetes [[#Internal_DNS_Server|internal DNS server]]:
<syntaxhighlight lang='text'>
NAME      TYPE        CLUSTER-IP  EXTERNAL-IP  PORT(S)                  AGE
kube-dns  ClusterIP  10.96.0.10  <none>       53/UDP,53/TCP,9153/TCP  49d
</syntaxhighlight>
 
==Internal DNS Server==
 
===CoreDNS===
 
===kube-dns===
 
Note that <code>kube-dns</code> seems to be both the name of the Kubernetes [[#DNS_Service|DNS service]] and the name of a backing provider.
 
===SkyDNS===
 
==Services and Naming==
 
==The DNS Service==
Each Kubernetes [[Kubernetes_Control_Plane_and_Data_Plane_Concepts#Cluster|cluster]] has an internal DNS service, with a static IP address that is hardcoded into every pod on the cluster. Every new [[Kubernetes_Service_Concepts#Service|Service]] is automatically registered with the cluster's DNS service so cluster components can find services by name. [[Kubernetes_Higher_Level_Pod_Controllers#StatefulSet|StatefulSets]] and the individual pods managed by a StatefulSet are also registered with the DNS service.
 
The DNS service is built on [[CoreDNS]].
 
Testing name resolution:
kubectl run -it --rm --restart=Never --image=infoblox/dnstools:latest dnstools
 
Also see: {{Internal|Kubernetes_Service_Concepts#Services_and_DNS|Services and DNS}}

Latest revision as of 23:01, 24 September 2021

External

Internal

TODO

⚠️ Work in progress, see "Kubernetes Learning.doc/Kubernetes Networking Concepts".

Overview

This page describes various Kubernetes networking aspects, grouped around several high level subjects. It starts by explaining how pods communicate with each other within a Kubernetes cluster. This is the Pod Networking section. Service Networking section explains with how Kubernetes services use a stable virtual IP address to offer access to a pool equivalent pods, all of which may come and go individually. In these two sections will be mainly discussing about IP addresses and routing. Naming and DNS, including how service names are mapped to service IP addresses, is discussed in the DNS Support section. Finally, we'll discuss about how external traffic reaches the pods, in the Ingress section.

Pod Networking

Also see:

Pod and Container Concepts | Networking

Service Networking

ClusterIP Service Implementation Details

kube-proxy

kube-proxy

Pod Network

Every pod in the Kubernetes cluster has its own IP address, which is routable on the pod network, so every pod on the pod network can talk directly to every other pod.

Cluster IP Address

ClusterIP services expose stable Cluster IP addresses.

Network Plugin

Flannel

Flannel is the default network plugin that comes with Kubespray. Flannel is an L2 overlay network solution. An L2 solution is difficult to troubleshoot due to packet encapsulation. Also, every node in the network is state-heavy (VLANs, tunnels).

Calico

Calico is a pure L3 fabric solution. It is also referred to as a network policy engine for Kubernetes.

Ingress

Ingress Concepts

DNS Support

Kubernetes DNS Concepts
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