Building a Maven Complex Release Artifact

Internal

• Maven assembly Plugin
• Multi-Module Maven Projects
• nort binary distributions

Overview

This article describes the procedure of configuring Maven to build one complex release artifact, which includes multiple individual artifacts, possibly produced by multiple modules, as well as dependencies and arbitrary files from the project tree. This is achieved by using the Maven assembly plugin, whose final product is an assembly file.

Don't Follow your Intuition

An intuitive approach would be to assemble the release artifact of a multi-module project by declaring the assembly plug-in in the project root pom.xml. However, this approach does not work well in practice. A few of the reasons are mentioned below:

Root Module Builds First

... so if the final assembly depends on the artifacts of the children modules, we'll get into a deadlock.

Repeated Execution

Because the assembly plug-in is specified in the parent POM, the plug-in will be executed for each module (including root) at the specified phase, usually "package". When executing, the module will try to resolve the specified descriptor relative to the module root, so if we have the following declaration and layout:

<project>
   </build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId>
                <configuration>
                    <descriptors>
                        <descriptor>assembly.xml</descriptor>
                    </descriptors>
                </configuration>
                ...
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
</project>
<pre>

<pre>
  .
  +-- pom.xml
  |
  +-- assembly.xml   (1)
  |
  +-- module-1
       |
       +-- pom.xml
       |
       +-- assembly.xml (2)

then the root module will create its assembly based on assembly.xml (1) and module-1 will create its assembly based on assembly.xml (2).

Recommended Approach

Dedicated Release Module

Create a separated module called "release". The only purpose of this module is to build the final release assembly. Thus, it can be declared as dependent of all other modules that contribute artifacts to the final release bundle. The modules will be built in order, the final release module will be last, when all internal dependencies are available, and there won't be any complications related to dependencies.

The Version of the Release Module Artifact

There are two main options:

1. The project's top level pom.xml maintains the public release information, as usually, as a value of its <version> element. This implies that all modules increment their versions at the same time, in what is describe here as "lockstep versions". This model is appropriate for simple cases, where modules do not need to evolve their versions independently, which is usually the case.
2. The release module pom.xml maintains the version of the public release. This model allows the component modules' versions to evolve independently. This model is described hare as "independent versions".

Project Top-Level pom.xml

Assuming that the parent project artifact ID is "my-project" (for a discussion on how to name the parent project artifact ID, see the "Multi-Module Maven Projects" section), the other modules are "module-1" and "module-2", and the release module is "release", the relevant sections of the main pom.xml file are:

<project ...>
    ...
    <groupId>...</groupId>
    <artifactId>my-project</artifactId>
    <version>0|project-version</version> <!-- depends on versioning model -->
    <packaging>pom</packaging>
    ...
    <modules>
        <module>module-1</module>
        <module>module-2</module>
        <module>release</module>    
    </modules>    
    ...
</project>

If there is just one other module, it is conventionally named "main".

Business Module pom.xml

The relevant sections of a business module pom.xml file are:

<project ...>
    ...
    <parent>
        <groupId>...</groupId>
        <artifactId>my-project</artifactId>
        <version>0|project-version</version> <!-- depends on versioning model -->
    </parent>

    <artifactId>module-1</artifactId>
    <packaging>jar</packaging>

    <!--
        The version should be specified here only in the case of independent version model.
    -->
    <!--
    <version>module-version</version>
    -->
    ...
</project>

Dedicated Release Module POM

The "release" pom.xml should look similar to:

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" 
              xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 
              xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">

    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

   <name>... Release Module</name>

    <parent>
        <groupId>my.example.group</groupId>
        <artifactId>my-project</artifactId>
        <version>0|project-version</version> <!-- depends on versioning model -->
    </parent>

    <artifactId>release</artifactId>
    <packaging>pom</packaging>

    <!--
        The version should be specified here only in the case of independent version model,
        otherwise it coincides with the parent version.
    -->
    <!--
    <version>release-version</version>
    -->

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>2.6</version>
                <configuration>
                    <!--
                          finalName impacts only the locally built artifact, 
                          not the name of the artifact that gets deployed in the repository.
                    -->
                    <finalName>my-public-application-name-${project.version}</finalName>
                    <appendAssemblyId>false</appendAssemblyId>
                    <descriptors>
                        <descriptor>src/assembly/release.xml</descriptor>
                    </descriptors>
                </configuration>
                <executions>
                    <execution>
                        <id>make-assembly</id>
                        <phase>package</phase>
                        <goals>
                            <goal>single</goal>
                        </goals>
                    </execution>
                </executions>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>my.example.group</groupId>
            <artifactId>module-1</artifactId>
            <version>module-1-version|${project.version}</version> <!-- depends on versioning model -->
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>my.example.group</groupId>
            <version>module-2-version|${project.version}</version> <!-- depends on versioning model -->
            <version>...</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project>

The "release" module must be declared in the project parent pom.xml, amongst the project's modules, on the last position, as shown in the project top-level pom.xml example.

Conventionally, we name the artifactId of a release module "release", we use a <finalName> as shown above, to specify the name of the release artifact, for reasons described in the "Name of a Release Artifact - <finalName>" section. Note that <finalName> impacts only the locally built artifact, not the name of the artifact that gets deployed in the repository.

release Module Structure

src
 |
 +-assembly
 |        |
 |        +-- release.xml
 +-main 

Custom Assembly File

Working examples of a custom assembly file used to build the release assembly of multi-module project are available below:

https://github.com/NovaOrdis/events/blob/master/release/src/assembly/release.xml

https://github.com/NovaOrdis/gld/blob/master/core/release/src/assembly/release.xml