Java Autoboxing
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Internal
Overview
Java has a mechanism called boxing that converts primitive types (such as int) into their corresponding reference types (java.lang.Integer). The opposite operation, converting reference types into their corresponding primitive types is called unboxing.
Autoboxing is a mechanism that performs boxing and unboxing automatically.
Autoboxing comes with a performance cost. Boxed values are wrappers around primitive types, and are stored on the heap. Therefore, boxed values use more memory and requires additional memory lookups to fetch the wrapped primitive type.
Autoboxing and Streams API
The Streams API has specialized stream types and API calls for primitive types, to avoid unnecessary autoboxing.
Performance Considerations
The performance penalty associated with autoboxing is quite significant. An operation on a long stream that uses boxed values is on average % slower than the same operation on the corresponding specialized stream.