Programming Languages Concepts
Typing
Type
A type determines the set of values and operations specific to values of that type, and the way the instances of the type are stored in memory - the size of the values.
Static Typing vs Dynamic Typing
- Wikipedia Type System https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type_system
For a statically typed system, the variables always have a specific type, and that type cannot be changed.
Dynamically typed languages are convenient, because there are no intermediate steps between writing the code and executing it. However certain types of errors cannot be caught until the program executes. For statically typed languages, many of these errors are caught at the compilation phase. On the downside, static languages usually comes with a great deal of ceremony around everything that happens in the program (heavy syntax, type annotations, complex type hierarchies).
Strong Typing vs Loose Typing
- Wikipedia Strong and Weak Typing https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strong_and_weak_typing
Type Systems
Duck Typing
Metaprogramming
Metaprogramming is writing code that manipulates other code, or even itself.
Functional Programming
Closures and recursion are at the base of the functional programming paradigm.