Grep: Difference between revisions

From NovaOrdis Knowledge Base
Jump to navigation Jump to search
 
(19 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown)
Line 22: Line 22:
</pre>
</pre>


=Regular Expressions=
=Options=
 
==-q==
 
Quiet.
 
==-v, --invert-match==


<pre>
Invert the sense of matching, to select non-matching lines.
^ - beginning of line


$ - end of line
==<tt>-e</tt>==


\t - tab
GNU grep uses <code>-e</code> to introduce a regular expression to match. Also see: {{Internal|Grep_Regular_Expressions|<tt>grep</tt> Regular Expressions}}


[0-9]*
=Regular Expressions=


\. dot
{{Internal|grep Regular Expressions|grep Regular Expressions}}
</pre>


=Recipes=
=Recipes=
Line 82: Line 86:


<blockquote style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border: solid thin lightgrey;">
<blockquote style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border: solid thin lightgrey;">
:[sed#Insert_a_Line.2FAppend_in_a_Specific_Position_.28line_number.29_in_a_file]]
:[[sed#Insert_a_Line.2FAppend_in_a_Specific_Position_.28line_number.29_in_a_file|sed: Insert a Line/Append in a Specific Position (line number) in a file]]
</blockquote>
</blockquote>


==Return Only the First Match==


-m means "stop reading the file about num matches. So to return the first match:


!!!Characters that Need Escaping
<pre>
 
-m 1
Same as [sed#SpecialCharactersNeedToBeEscapedInRegularExpressions]
</pre>


==Print More Lines of Trailing Context after Each Match==


!!!Return Only the First Match
Use -A to print a number of lines of trailing context after each match:
 
{{{
-m 1
}}}


grep -A 10 "something" ./file.txt


==Iterate over Lines Selected by grep==


<syntaxhighlight lang='bash'>
IFS="$(printf '\n\r')";
for i in $(grep "something ${some_file}); do
  ...
done
IFS="$(printf ' \t\n')"
</syntaxhighlight>


__Referenced by:__\\
See also: {{Internal|Bash_Built-In_Variables#IFS|IFS}}
[{INSERT com.ecyrd.jspwiki.plugin.ReferringPagesPlugin WHERE max=20, maxwidth=50}]

Latest revision as of 23:41, 29 March 2024

Internal

Overview

grep accepts regular expressions. Both " " and ' ' can be used to enclose the expression to search for.

If the expression is found, the enclosing lines are sent to stdout the command returns 0 (success).

If the expression is NOT found, the command returns 1 (failure).


    if grep -q "some regex" ./file.txt; then
        # do something if expression is found
    else
        # do something else if the expression is not found
    fi

Options

-q

Quiet.

-v, --invert-match

Invert the sense of matching, to select non-matching lines.

-e

GNU grep uses -e to introduce a regular expression to match. Also see:

grep Regular Expressions

Regular Expressions

grep Regular Expressions

Recipes

Including TWO expressions at the same time

cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep 'processor\|siblings'

processor	: 0
siblings	: 2
processor	: 1
siblings	: 2

The method works even if there are spaces and other regular expression characters within the alternative regexes:

... | grep ' logger: [1-9]\+\.\|(concurrent mode failure)'

This will select either "logger: [1-9]\+\." or "(concurrent mode failure)"

Excluding TWO expressions at the same time

     echo "something" | grep -v "blah" | grep -v "blah2"

Do not Send Anything to stout

... and avoid > /dev/null:

    grep -q

--color

grep --color 'context.layer='

Prefix the Line with the "Line Number" (-n)

-n prefixes the line with the line number.

sed: Insert a Line/Append in a Specific Position (line number) in a file

Return Only the First Match

-m means "stop reading the file about num matches. So to return the first match:

-m 1

Print More Lines of Trailing Context after Each Match

Use -A to print a number of lines of trailing context after each match:

grep -A 10 "something" ./file.txt

Iterate over Lines Selected by grep

IFS="$(printf '\n\r')";
for i in $(grep "something ${some_file}); do
  ...
done
IFS="$(printf ' \t\n')"

See also:

IFS