Mac Installer
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Internal
Overview
The installer command is used to install Mac OS X installer packages (.pkg or .mpkg files) to a specified domain or volume. The installer command installs a single package per invocation, which is specified with the -package parameter ( -pkg is accepted as a synonym). It may be either a single package or a metapackage. In the case of the metapackage, the packages which are part of the default install will be installed unless disqualified by a package's check tool(s).
To see the content: Installer → File → Show Files.
To see the log: Command + L
Package "receipts" are store in /var/db/receipts
To see where the file were put:
lsbon -f /var/db/receipts/<package-name>
Command Line Installation
sudo installer -pkg /path/to/application.pkg -target /
Here / is the mount point of the Mac volume. -target accepts path like "/Volumes/Macintosh HD", or /dev/disk0 also.