Graphs
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Overview
Graphs are fundamental structures in data science. They apply directly to a large number of problems that involve physical networks - such as the phone network or the internet, or logical networks about parallel relationships between objects in general - the order in which to execute interdependent tasks, or the analysis of social networks, for example.
Graphs are backed by mathematical formalism. The Graph Concepts page provides a number of terms and some mathematical tools that are useful when dealing with graphs. Graph Representation in Memory describes ways to represent graph nodes and edges in such a way that they can be manipulated by algorithms. The most common arrangements - adjacency lists and adjacency matrices - are discussed.