Variables, Parameters, Arguments

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Variable

Variables are names associated with memory locations that store values. In most programming languages, the values stored in memory have a formal type associated with them. Depending on the static or dynamic typing nature of the language, variables may or may not allow the modification their type throughout the execution of the program.

Variables in various programming languages:

Parameter

Function parameters in various languages:

Argument

Function arguments in various languages:

Discussion

This terminology applies to Java method invocations, Python method invocations and even Java generics, where the ordinary parameters and variables are replaced with type parameters (type variables), and the arguments are replaced with type arguments.